It became apparent long ago that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in pain modulation and perception. Chronic pain is likely due to a malfunction in the body’s central nervous system. While there are many medications that may be used to treat pain, these methods may only mask the pain response.
Until recently, it has not been easy to measure this malfunction in the nervous system or effectively treat it while receiving comprehensive measurements.
The DyAnsys pain relief system offers both measurement and treatment using the ANSiscope® and Primary Relief®. This is a non-narcotic treatment with minimal, if any, side effects.
The Primary Relief® device allows a unique combination of very fine needles and electrical stimulation. When used in conjunction with the ANSiscope® device, it is possible to treat chronic pain and monitor patient improvements over time.
Primary Relief® provides auricular neurostimulation therapy which is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body’s impairment through stimulation of points on the ear.
Auricular therapy was developed in the early 1950s in France by Dr. Paul Nogier. He discovered that specific points of the ear were related to a major organ in the body. As Dr. Nogier began mapping the system, he realized that the ear resembles the human fetus in an upside-down position in that the points at the lower half of the fetus are relational to the top of the ear and vice versa. Dr. Nogier’s research was later adopted by Chinese auricular therapy experts and it has been determined that the ear provides the largest surface skin area for accessing the key nerves in the body.
In summary, by combining cranial electrical stimulation (CES) technology with needles positioned to the ear, the body’s own endorphins are stimulated and released, allowing increased blood flow to affected tissues, and resulting in the reduction of pain symptoms.
1. LaFitte, MJ et al. Towards assessing the sympathovagal balance.
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2. Sandroni, P, Testing the Autonomic Nervous System
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3. Sator-Katzenschlager, SM, Szeles, JC et al. Electrical Stimulation of Auricular Acupuncture Points is More Effective than Conventional Manual Auricular Acupuncture in Chronic Cervical Pain: A Pilot Study.
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4. Sator-Katzenschlager, SM, et al. The short- and long-Term Benefit in Chronic Low Back Pain Through Adjuvant Electrical versus Manual Auricular Acupuncture.
Anesth Analg, 2004;98:1359-64.
5.Kirsch, DL. The Textbook of the American Academy of Pain Management. A practical Guide for Clinicians.
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6. Gori, L and Firenzuoli F. Ear Acupuncture in European Traditional Medicine,
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The chemical structure of opioids is similar to that of a natural neurotransmitter. As a result, they mimic natural neurotransmitters attaching to receptors in the brain and activating nerve cells. When opioids travel through the bloodstream to the brain, the mu opioid receptors on the surfaces of opioate-sensitive neurons. This triggers the same biochemical process that gives people feelings of pleasure.
Repeated exposure to escalating dosages of opioids alters the brain so that if functions normally when the drugs are present and abnormally when they are not. The result of this alteration is the need to take higher dosages to achieve the same effect and drug dependence to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Addiction arises after a person’s neurons adapt to the drug. At this point, the neurons fire extensively and the effect on the body changes. Blood pressure is raised and the brain stem triggers diarrhea. The feelings of euphoria are replaced with dysphoria and anxiety.
Treatment
Patients are commonly treated with opioid replacement therapy, which involves replacing highly potent and addictive drugs with compounds such as methadone or buprenorphine. These substitutes bind to receptors but they do not activate receptors to the same degree. This reduces the chance of overdosing. They also stay on receptors longer, which curtails withdrawal symptoms.
Auricular neurostimulation has been shown to be an effective option to reduce withdrawal symptoms as a patient goes through detoxification. This process of eliminating drugs from the system, is the first part of a long-term treatment program. Once the drugs have been eliminated from a patients’ system, they can be treated with other medications and therapy.
Drug Relief is a percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulator (PNFS) that allows the administration of auricular therapy for up to five days. The wearable device provides patients with a high degree of comfort and mobility. The device is applied behind the patient’s ear and tiny needles are placed in the ear at nerve endings. The device sends continuous electrical pulses through nerves providing relief from the common withdrawal symptoms including stomach cramps, muscle aches, muscle spasms, pounding heart, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, agitation, depression and insomnia, along with drug cravings.
Studies have shown that neurostimulation impacts on the release of neurotransmitters. By changing the concentration of neurotransmitters in specific brain regions, neuromodulation may modify the intrinsic properties of neuron membrane thus altering the response to synaptic events.
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Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (DAN) is classified as damage to the nerves serving the internal organs and in its early stages, is not felt by the patient. While peripheral neuropathy is not life threatening, DAN is life threatening.8
It is well known that the complications from diabetes are more dangerous than diabetes itself. Nerve damage is one of the most common complications of the disease.
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy, which is hardly known but more deadly, has no symptoms until it affects the internal organs (mostly the heart in 50-80% of the cases according to the World Health Organization (WHO)). It may take 5 years after the onset of DAN for it to affect the end organs and demonstrate symptoms.
The American Diabetes Association has recommended (since 2006) in its standards of Medical Care that Heart Rate Variability testing (which detects autonomic neuropathy) be performed on Type 2 Diabetic patients, immediately upon detection of diabetes and for type 1 diabetics, within 5 years of diagnosis.
Hundreds of doctors in India are using the ANSicope® devices for the detection of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, and have measured more than 100,000 patients. The Indian doctors have summarized their experiences and how they have successfully treated DAN in a booklet titled “Detection, Monitoring and Treatment of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy.”
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